physics, mathematical physics, philosophy of physics
theory (physics), model (physics)
experiment, measurement, computable physics
Axiomatizations
Tools
Structural phenomena
Types of quantum field thories
fields and particles in particle physics
and in the standard model of particle physics:
matter field fermions (spinors, Dirac fields)
flavors of fundamental fermions in the standard model of particle physics: | |||
---|---|---|---|
generation of fermions | 1st generation | 2nd generation | 3d generation |
quarks () | |||
up-type | up quark () | charm quark () | top quark () |
down-type | down quark () | strange quark () | bottom quark () |
leptons | |||
charged | electron | muon | tauon |
neutral | electron neutrino | muon neutrino | tau neutrino |
bound states: | |||
mesons | light mesons: pion () ρ-meson () ω-meson () f1-meson a1-meson | strange-mesons: ϕ-meson (), kaon, K*-meson (, ) eta-meson () charmed heavy mesons: D-meson (, , ) J/ψ-meson () | bottom heavy mesons: B-meson () ϒ-meson () |
baryons | nucleons: proton neutron |
(also: antiparticles)
hadrons (bound states of the above quarks)
minimally extended supersymmetric standard model
bosinos:
dark matter candidates
Exotica
A model for dark matter made up of massive but extremely light particles, whose de Broglie wavelength is at the scale of galaxies.
The idea is that on scales above that of galaxies, the predictions of fuzzy dark matter agree with the standard cold dark matter models that work exceptionally well on cosmological scales, while on scales of the size of galaxies the quantum properties of these light particles become relevant and change their effect just so as to fix the problems (see also MOND) that standard cold dark matter models have on these scales.
A natural candidate for such ultra-light particles are axions.
This kind of model was brought up independently by several groups of authors (see Lee 17 for historical survey) with early precursors going back as far as (Baldeschi-Gelmini-Ruffini 83), and accordingly goes by a number of different names, including the following:
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) dark matter (Sin 92, Sikivie-Yang 09)
superfluid dark matter (Berezhiani-Khoury 15, Khoury 16)
fuzzy dark matter (Wu-Barkana-Gruzinov 00)
ultra-light axion (Erken-Sikivie-Tam-Yang 12)
wave dark matter
repulsive dark matter
and more.
The suggestion that fuzzy dark matter induces the observed almost-flat galactic rotation curves (“MOND”) seems to go back to (Sin 92). Further pointers are in (Lee 17, p. 3):
There are many works explaining the rotation curves of dwarf [17, 23, 69], and large galaxies [29, 43, 70–78] in this model.
More recently, detection of the 21cm hydrogen line from cosmic dawn indicates that star formation set in earlier than compatible with fuzzy dark matter models (Nebrin 17, Nebrin-Ghara-Mellema 18). This would rule out substantial contributions of fuzzy dark matter.
Early precursors of the idea include
The role of the Bose-Einstein condensate of axions on galactic scales was considered in
Sang-Jin Sin, Late time Cosmological Phase Transition and Galactic Halo as Bose-liquid, Phys.Rev.D50:3650-3654,1994 (arXiv:hep-ph/9205208)
Pierre Sikivie, Q. Yang, Bose-Einstein Condensation of Dark Matter Axions, Phys.Rev.Lett.103:111301, 2009 (arXiv:0901.1106)
O. Erken, Pierre Sikivie, H. Tam, Q. Yang, Cosmic axion thermalization, Phys. Rev. D 85, 063520 2012 (arXiv:1111.1157)
The proposal in the guise of “fuzzy dark matter” is originally due to
A detailed discussion is in
Review includes
David J. E. Marsh, Axion Cosmology (arXiv:1510.07633)
Jae-Weon Lee, Brief History of Ultra-light Scalar Dark Matter Models (arXiv:1704.05057)
Computer simulation of structure formation with fuzzy dark matter:
Some thoughts on the quantum measurement problem for fuzzy DM particles with huge macroscopic Compton wavelengths? is in
Discussion of superfluid dark matter could be found in:
Sabine Hossenfelder, Tobias Mistele, Strong lensing with superfluid dark matter. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Volume 2019, February 2019. (doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/02/001, arXiv:1809.00840)
Tobias Mistele, Stacy McGaugh, Sabine Hossenfelder, Galactic mass-to-light ratios with superfluid dark matter, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 664, Article 40, August 2022 (doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243216, arXiv:2201.07282)
Discussion of how superfluid aspects of axionic fuzzy dark matter reproduce MOND phenomenology is in
Lasha Berezhiani, Justin Khoury, Theory of Dark Matter Superfluidity, Phys. Rev. D 92, 103510 (2015) (arXiv:1507.01019)
Justin Khoury, Another Path for the Emergence of Modified Galactic Dynamics from Dark Matter Superfluidity, Phys. Rev. D 93, 103533 (2016) (arXiv:1602.05961)
JiJi Fan, Ultralight Repulsive Dark Matter and BEC (arXiv:1603.06580)
Andrea Addazi, Antonino Marciano, UV completion of a theory of Superfluid Dark Matter (arXiv:1801.04083)
Justin Khoury, Dark Matter Superfluidity (arXiv:2109.10928)
Comparison to experiment (observation):
Bohua Li, Tanja Rindler-Daller, and Paul R. Shapiro, Cosmological constraints on Bose-Einstein-condensed scalar field dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 89, 083536, 2014 (arXiv:1310.6061)
Hsi-Yu Schive, Tzihong Chiueh, Tom Broadhurst, Cosmic structure as the quantum interference of a coherent dark wave, Nature Physics 10, 496–499 (2014) (doi:10.1038/nphys2996)
Nilanjan Banik, Adam J. Christopherson, Pierre Sikivie, Elisa Maria Todarello, New astrophysical bounds on ultralight axionlike particles, Phys. Rev. D 95, 043542 (2017) (arXiv:1701.04573)
Strong constraints on fuzzy dark matter from observation of the cosmic 21cm hydrogen line are claimed and discussed in
Adam Lidz, Lam Hui, The Implications of a Pre-reionization 21 cm Absorption Signal for Fuzzy Dark Matter, Phys. Rev. D 98, 023011 (2018) (arXiv:1805.01253)
Olof Nebrin, Cosmic Dawn in a Fuzzy Universe: Constraining the nature of Dark Matterwith 21 cm Cosmology, Stockholm 2017 (diva2:1195402, urn:nbn:se:su:diva-154861)
Olof Nebrin, Raghunath Ghara, Garrelt Mellema, Fuzzy Dark Matter at Cosmic Dawn: New 21-cm Constraints (arXiv:1812.09760, reddit)
Claim that the galaxy core-cusp problem is not resolved after all is discussed in
Claim that the fitting of the galaxy rotation curves is not resolved after all:
Claim that superfluid dark matter is in tension with weak gravitational lensing data:
Last revised on March 25, 2023 at 19:08:32. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.